Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

Qrьm ASSR
Крымская АССР
Crimean ASSR

ASSR of the Russian SFSR and Ukrainian SSR

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1921—1945
1991—1992

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Flag

Capital

Simferopol

Government

Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

History

- Established

October 18, 1921

- Crimean Oblast

June 30, 1945

- Re-established

February 12, 1991

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Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Modern Crimean Tatar: Qırım Muhtar Sotsialist Sovet Cumhuriyeti; Official Crimean Tatar name (Uniform Turkic Alphabet): Qrьm Avonomjalь Sotsialist Sovet Respublikasь; Russian: Крымская Автономная Социалистическая Советская Республика - Krymskaya Avtonomnaya Socialisticheskaya Sovetskaya Respublika) was created on October 18, 1921 as Crimean Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic of RSFSR in place of Taurida Governorate and within the Crimean Peninsula, with its capital being Simferopol. The official languages were Crimean Tatar and Russian. On December 5, 1936 by the VIII Extraordinary Congress of Soviets of USSR the republic was renamed into the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.^[1]

A significant part of its population were Crimean Tatars, who were stripped of their property and civil rights and forcibly resettled to Central Asia in 1944.^[2] (Their constitutional rights were restored in 1967.) However, they were not allowed to return until the last days of the Soviet Union.

On June 30, 1945 by the decree of the both Presidiums of the Supreme Soviet of USSR and the Supreme Soviet of RSFSR (published on May 26, 1946) it was converted into the Crimean Oblast of RSFSR, which was transferred to Ukrainian SSR in 1954.^[3]

Following a referendum held on January 20, 1991 the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was reestablished on February 12, 1991 by the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR.^[4] Today it is officially named the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.

1 Chairmen of Revkom
2 Leaders of Republican Council
3 Heads of Government
4 Main Chekists
5 References

Chairmen of Revkom

November 16, 1920 - February 20, 1921 Bela Kun
February 20, 1921 - November 7, 1921 Mikhail Poliakov (become the one of NKVD troika)

Leaders of Republican Council

Central Executive Committee

November 7, 1921 - August 1924 Yuriy Gaven (Janis Daumanis)
August 1924 - January 28, 1928 Veli Ibraimov
January 28, 1928 - February 20, 1931 Memet Kubayev
February 20, 1931 - September 9, 1937 Ilyas Tarkhan (arrested on September 8, 1937)
September 9, 1937 - July 21, 1938 Abdul-Celil Menbariyev

Supreme Soviet

July 21, 1938 - May 18, 1944 Abdul-Celil Menbariyev (deported to Middle Asia)
May 18, 1944 - June 30, 1945 N.Sachiova (acting)

after fall of Soviet Union

March 22, 1991 - May 9, 1994 Nikolay Bagrov

Heads of Government

Soviet of People's Commissars was created by the I session of Central Executive Committee

November 11, 1921 - May 16, 1924 Sakhib-Garey Said-Galiyev
May 16, 1924 - May 1924 I.Goncharov (acting)
May 1924 - March 21, 1926 Osman Deren-Ayerly
March 21, 1926 - May 1929 Emir Shugu
May 1929 - September 16, 1937 Abduraim Samedinov (arrested September 17, 1937)
1937 - April 5, 1942 Memet Ibraimov
April 5, 1942 - May 18, 1944 Ismail Seyfullayev
May 18, 1944 - June 30, 1945 Aleksandr Kabanov

Soviet of Ministers

March 22, 1991 - May 20, 1993 Vitaliy Kurashik

Main Chekists

Cheka

until April 1921 Mikhail Vikhman (later in Chernihiv)
April 1921 - June 1921 Smirnov
June 20, 1921 - 1921 Fyodor Fomin (transferred to Kiev)
November 11, 1921 - February 1922 Aleksandr Rotenberg

Crimea GPU

February 1922 - September 11, 1922 Aleksandr Rotenberg
September 11, 1922 - April 25, 1923 Stanislav Redens

Merged GPU

April 25, 1923 - June 9, 1924 Stanislav Redens
May 20, 1924 - July 29, 1925 Sergei Szwarz (transferred to the Special department of the Black Sea Navy)
1925 Aleksandr Toropkin (transferred to Ural)
October 1926 - April 26, 1928 Ivan Apeter (transferred to the Special department of the Black Sea Navy)

OGPU

April 26, 1928 - December 1929 Grigoriy Rapoport (transferred to Belarus Military District)
January 23, 1930 - July 10, 1934 Eduard Salins (Eduards Saliņš)

Directorate of NKVD

July 15, 1934 - December 17, 1934 Eduard Salins (transferred to Omsk)
January 2, 1935 - February 16, 1937 Tite Lordkipanidze

NKVD

February 16, 1937 - June 29, 1937 Tite Lordkipanidze (perished in 1937)
June 29, 1937 - October 20, 1937 Karp Pavlov
October 20, 1937 - August 4, 1938 Artur Mikhelson (transferred to Moscow-Omsk river transportation)
August 4, 1938 - December 18, 1938 Lavrentiy Yakushev (also Babkin)
December 19, 1938 - February 26, 1941 Grigoriy Karanadze
February 26, 1941 - July 31, 1941 Pyotr Fokin (transferred to the IV department and then the Operational-chekist group)
July 31, 1941 - December 17, 1942 Grigoriy Karanadze
October 5, 1943 - July 5, 1945 Vasiliy Sergiyenko

References

^ Handbook of history of Communist Party and Soviet Union
^ Subtelny, Orest (2000). Ukraine: A History. University of Toronto Press. p. 483. ISBN 0-8020-8390-0.
^ "The Transfer of Crimea to Ukraine". International Committee for Crimea. July 2005. http://www.iccrimea.org/historical/crimeatransfer.html. Retrieved March 25, 2007.
^ "Day in history - 20 January" (in Russian). RIA Novosti. January 8 2006. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070930034959/http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/1991/499101.shtml. Retrieved August 6, 2007.

Autonomous Republics of the Soviet Union

Soviet Union

Abkhaz ASSR (1930 – 1992) Adjar ASSR (1921 – 1990) Bashkir ASSR (1919 – 1990) Buryat ASSR (1923 – 1990; Buryat–Mongol ASSR up to 1958) Chechen-Ingush ASSR (1936 – 1944; 1957 – 1990) Chuvash ASSR (1925 – 1990) Crimean ASSR (1921 – 1945; 1991 – 1992) Dagestan ASSR (1921 – 1991) Gorno-Altai ASSR (1990 – 1991) Kabardin ASSR (1944 – 1957) Kabardino-Balkar ASSR (1936 – 1944; 1957 – 1991) Kalmyk ASSR (1935 – 1943; 1958 – 1990) Karachay-Cherkess ASSR (1990 – 1991) Karakalpak ASSR (1932 – 1992) Karelian ASSR (1923 – 1940; 1956 – 1991) Kazakh ASSR (Kirghiz ASSR) (1920 – 1936) Komi ASSR (1936 – 1990) Mari ASSR (1936 – 1990) Moldavian ASSR (1924 – 1940) Mordovian ASSR (1934 – 1990) Mountain ASSR (1920 – 1924) Nakhchivan ASSR (1924 – 1990) North Ossetian ASSR (1936 – 1990) Tajik ASSR (1924 – 1929) Tatar ASSR (1920 – 1990) Turkestan ASSR (1918 – 1924) Tuva ASSR (1961 – 1990) Udmurt ASSR (1934 – 1991) Volga German ASSR (1918 – 1941) Yakut ASSR (1922 – 1990)